123) from Aristotle till today Written by Rainer: rainer.lehrer@yahoo.com Learn languages (via Skype): Rainer: + 36 20 549 52 97 or + 36 20 334 79 74

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From Aristotle till today It began with Aristotle, an attentive observer, who was the first to put into words what mankind had been doing for millennia: “action and effect!” But even he could not explain natural phenomena such as sunrise and sunset or wind, rain and lightning, and had to follow his ancestors who made gods out of them. Basically, humans could only influence small things. Francis of Assisi was also satisfied with: “I am because the Bible says that God created me.” He concentrated more on social issues. So everyone had to limit themselves to what fate prepared them. Daily bread had to be earned in the sweat of his brow. Having or earning more than one needed was a sin. Interest rates were against God's commandments. Real life only began after death. Only Protestantism brought change. The believers had to prepare the kingdom of God on earth. Therefore, they started to work for profit. More and more money was made out of money. Kings and patricians simply paid not back their debt to the Jew, from whom they had previously borrowed, when the debt had become too big a burden. Money appeared and disappeared. What a strange world! Something appeared and disappeared by itself? But that was the inspiration for Newton. “We don't set anything in motion, everything is already in motion. We can slow it down, speed it up or alter its direction.” Movement by itself or because of itself! No King, No God? About fifty years later, it was the turn of economics. Adam Smith took a closer look by comparing population growth, price developments and increased production in the France of Louis XV, in England, which already had a kind of parliamentary democracy at that time, and in the English colonies in North America which could not be controlled by the English crown. His conclusion can be briefly summarized: Chaos works best, the economy regulates itself. A hundred years later, the next great scientist, Charles Darwin, continued to develop this thought. When he saw the indigenous peoples of Tierra del Fuego, he wrote: “There is no reason to think we are better, because our ancestors were just the same.” He discovered that there is a development in nature that is not straightforward or planned. There is no will behind it that would direct nature and us into a certain direction. From time to time, there are setbacks and older levels of development come to more importance again. Was he aware that he was denying God? To deny God is to contradict authority itself. The principle “God created the world” was replaced by “The world has its scientific laws” and “Knowledge of these regularities expands”. Furthermore, especially in atomic physics, we have penetrated into depths that can no longer be held, but can only be measured by their appearance. And what questions will we ask ourselves in the future? Back to list!

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