89) word order Written by Rainer: rainer.lehrer@yahoo.com Learn languages (via Skype): Rainer: + 36 20 549 52 97 or + 36 20 334 79 74

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word order Different languages ​​use different word orders. English is basically a nucleus language. This means that the actor, the auxiliary, modal, full verbs and the word that directly relates to the verb always stay together in one group. “I go to school every day.” Or “Every day I go to school.” Even if there is a question or request, the nucleus (“I go to school.”) Stays together, even if its internal structure changes: “Go to school!" or "Do you go to school?" - by placing the conjugated verb at the beginning of the nucleus of the question: "Does he like school?" German offers us a different picture. This is a framework language. In the case of a statement, question or request, the actor and the conjugated verb change places with each other, but there is always a part at the end of the sentence that specifically relates to the action. “Ich kaufe heute einen Stift. (I'm going to buy a pen today.)” “Was kaufst du? (What do I buy?)” “Einen Stift. (A pen.)” When adding a modal verb or auxiliary verb, the main verb moves to the end: “Ich will heute einen Stift kaufen. (I want to buy a pen today.)” “Ich habe gestern einen Stift gekauft. (I bought a pen yesterday.)” In a subordinate clause, the conjugated verb ends the sentence: “wenn ich einen Stift kaufe (when I buy a pen.)” “wenn ich einen Stift kaufen will (when I want to buy a pen.)” “als ich einen Stift gekauft habe (when I bought a pen.)” If the full verb, auxiliary and modal verb appear together, the main verb precedes the auxiliary and modal verb: “wenn ich einen Stift hätte kaufen müssen (if I had had to buy a pen)" The reversed order of sentences enables a part of the sentence to be emphasized that would otherwise be regarded as irrelevant. "Heute gehe ich in die Schule. (Today I'm going to school.)" "Ich gehe heute in die Schule. (I'm going to school today.)" In addition to the emphasis, the reversed word order also fulfills the function of indicating that a subordinate clause belongs to a main clause. In English, this is only possible through intonation during a conversation. “I read a book when I have time. I go to the cinema." "I read a book. When I have time, I go to the cinema." In German, the facts would be understandable even if the intonation did not match. “Ich lese ein Buch, wenn ich Zeit habe. Ich gehe ins Kino.” “Ich lese ein Buch. Wenn Zeit habe, gehe ich ins Kino." Languages ​​with fewer grammar rules are pure stress languages. The most important word is always at the beginning. “Nem megyek iskolába.” - I don't go to school. “Megyek iskolába.” - I go to school. “Nem iskolába megyek.” - I go but not to school. “Iskolába megyek.” - I go to school. “Ma megyek iskolába.” - Today I go to school. “Nem ma megyek iskolába.” I go to school but not today. The latter languages ​​offer many possibilities to a poet, but misunderstandings in the interpretation can often arise. Juridical and philosophical texts are therefore clearest in such languages ​​with many rules. Back to list!

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