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72)
the history of the Jewish people
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The history of the Jewish people
I) The beginning and the origin
In the area delimited in the north
by the Taurus Mountains, in the east by the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, in
the west by the Jordan River or further from the Mediterranean Sea and Nile,
and in the south there was still the large Saudi Arabian peninsula. A lot of
rain had fallen three to four thousand years ago and the Semitic nomads went
with their goats into the desert, which at that time was coloured and green
in winter. In the summer, everything dried out and they went back to the
peripheral areas mentioned above, where there were always clashes with the
local residents. They had been living there for a long time because they kept
cows that needed a stable, always fresh water and green, lush grass. These
settlers also began trading with neighbouring peoples, going to sea, or
colonizing uncivilized coastlines across the Mediterranean. The Egyptians,
Phoenicians, Hittites in the west, the Babylonians in the east, some
city-states at the foot of the Taurus and Greeks near the colonial cities.
The Jews adopted mythology from the Sumerians, such as Cain and Abel, Gog and
Magog and Abraham, from the Egyptians, for example, Joseph and Moses.
These nomadic groups usually
consisted of 20 people; about 5 goats were needed per person. 20 people and
100 goats was the amount that could be provided with water at a larger spring
or waterhole. If the group grew, they divided into 2 new groups. Usually the
second eldest son took some friends, 1 - 2 women and a couple of goats to
start a new group.
II) Palestine and Israel!
More and more nomads got cows
because they gave more milk and meat. But these animals were more demanding
and needed a stable, always green grass and fresh water, so they settled and
occupied the area south of the Phoenicians, who were also Semites. The
Phoenicians had been the first wave of settlers, now the Jews were following
them.
A man with a cow was able to feed
a woman and 2 - 3 children. One of these (man) and one of those (woman): That
was the beginning of monogamy and "one" God the beginning of
monotheism (The basic idea for this came from Egypt and Pharaoh Amenhotep IV
1353–1336 or 1351–1334 BC).
There were more and more, maybe
many at a time; That would explain the story of moving to the promised land
of Canaan. Why? We do not know exactly and can only conclude from what is
still a natural course of events in the regions of the third world today. A
period of several years of extreme drought could have forced these nomads to
settle in the evergreen outskirts. Larger settlements emerged, then a state.
It filled the gap between Phoenicia (now Lebanon), Egypt and the dry land in
the east. From Petra, the city carved into stone, the wealthier caravans
went to the sea to load their goods on ships; the goods of the poorer
caravans were brought overland to Egypt by pack animals. On the way back,
there was the same picture. The expensive goods over the sea, the cheap
overland, via Petra and further deep into Asia.
III) Kingdom - Fall -
Reconstruction
In the beginning, like all nomads,
they were even more belligerent and aggressive than the long-established
ones, robbed their neighbours and conquered additional areas. Growing up,
they founded a kingdom with a state religion that everyone had to take over
if they wanted to stay in their country, for example the Moabites and
Ammonites. Trade relations in all directions and a pompous royal court, the
Queen of Sheba was married, a huge temple on Mount Sion (later the name for
Zionism) was built in Jerusalem.
But the joy should only last for a
few generations of kings, if, as in all kingdoms, there was even a joy for
the small people, who really didn't care which ruler enriched himself on the small
ones, because once it was the Egyptians, then the Babylonians who wanted to
make the country their subjects and tribute payers. In this respect, it was
perhaps not entirely unimportant whether the country only had one parasite or
whether it had to give something to another and therefore collect twice as
much tax.
Part of the people was deported to
Babylon because they knew there was good use of cheap or almost free labour.
Until the time of Alexander the Great, who smashed the Persian empire in the
4th century BC, part of the Jewish people lived in captivity. The new lord allowed them to return to their country. Now, of course, there was
a conflict between those who had been able to stay there, the Samaritans, and
those who had been abducted.
With the death of Alexander, his
empire collapsed into three larger and many smaller ones, Greece, Egypt and
the Seleucid Empire. The buffer zones formed smaller, locally developed
states, such as the Jewish one. Many battles without anyone really being able
to get through were ended by the Romans.
IV) 2000 years of diaspora
The Romans also incorporated this
part into their empire and were usually very tolerant because they were more
interested in economic advantages. However, the Jewish population did not
want to integrate: - Every seventh year, for example, they did not cultivate
a field and therefore did not want to pay any taxes for it - they did not do
military service - and refused to recognize the emperor as a god.
In the year 70 AD, Titus,
later Roman emperor, razed Jerusalem to the ground and drove the Jews out.
While they fled in all four directions, from Persia to Spain, from Ethiopia
to Poland and the Caucasus, the third wave of settlements occupied their
country, the Palestinians.
As before, so now the Jews did not
want to integrate, but to preserve their own identity. From today's point of
view, this is not a big problem because progressive societies have understood
how to use this diversity to their advantage, but the dark, medieval,
Christian world at that time was absolutely not ready for such positive
thinking. Instead, Jewish people were persecuted with pogroms. The Christians
borrowed money from the Jews, and when the debt burden was too heavy, all
loans were declared invalid. They spoke at least two or three languages, were
involved in monetary transactions and, together with Protestants and
Freemasons, prepared the development of modern economic and prosperous societies. In the 20th
century, when it finally looked as if European people had become a bit more
progressive, the last big wave of hate for anti-Semitism came - fascism and
Nazism, first in Hungary with Horthy and his Jewish laws, the first as early
as 1922, and then in Germany with Hitler and the Holocaust.
V) The new Israel
Dreyfus, an officer in the French army, was accused and sentenced as a spy, although it was actually clear to
the world that he was innocent (Émile Zola / J'accuse). A historian summarized the whole story at the
end of his book: "The only one, who did not understand what the whole
process really was about, was the accused himself." It was a trial
against a Jew and against Judaism. Of course, it was not the only one, many
crazy, almost medieval processes took place, in which Jews, such as in
Western Hungary, were accused of kidnapping children to use their blood for
religious rituals in 1892.
Theodor Herzl reported as a
journalist from Paris in 1894 about the court hearings and realized that the
Jewish people needed their own country, their own state. The only question
was where and how it should be financed. This is why Herzl founded a
movement, which was the beginning of Zionism. Money was collected, people
were convinced and many other similar movements emerged. The target country
was Palestine. However, could one drive out others to create a country for
oneself?
They mainly bought land from the
local nomads and fenced it in. The nomad thought he could sell it because
next year other nomads would come and take it away from the Jews. The Jew
thought he could buy it cheap because the nomad didn't ask for much. That was
the first step to conflict.
After the First World War, the
area became a British protectorate and the Jewish representatives were able
to make these contracts valid. Now they were enjoying English protection.
After the Second World War, there
were many terrorist attacks against British institutions and business
interests by Jews to force the British to agree to an Israeli state. In
addition, the Russians and the U.S. wanted to drive the English out of the
Middle East and supported the Jewish movement in Palestine in the hope of
gaining control of that area later. Since then, the Americans have largely financed
this state.
Approximately every ten years, a
war between Arabs and Jews ensures that there is no rest, the Jews are as
fanatical as the Arabs.
It is strange that Ariel Sharon
and Yasser Arafat became deadly ill at almost the same time, exactly when it
seemed that they wanted to agree on a possible peace.
There are only a few people, like
Daniel Barenboim, who try to build human bridges in this almost hopeless
situation.
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Montag, 3. August 2020
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